Parameter Sensitivity in Ancestral Reconstruction and the Local Curvature of Phylogenetic Likelihood
Parameter Sensitivity in Ancestral Reconstruction and the Local Curvature of Phylogenetic Likelihood
We first consider the reconstruction problem for a ferromagnetic Ising model on a finite binary tree: infer an internal spin given only the spins at the leaves. The maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator is canonical, but depends on unknown edge couplings. We show that in a suitable low-noise regime the estimator is insensitive to parameter misspecification, up to a controlled error. Next, we leverage this robustness to analyze the optimization landscape of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the edge parameters. While the population log-likelihood function is generally non-concave, we prove that it becomes locally strongly concave around the true parameters in this regime. This provides a theoretical justification for the efficacy of gradient-based optimization methods widely used in phylogenetic inference. Joint work with David Clancy, Hanbaek Lyu, and Allan Sly.